Ethiopian Grade 12 Old Curriculum Economics Student Textbook has 8 units; they are:
- Unit 1: Main Sectors of the Ethiopian Economy
- Unit 2: The Agricultural Sector in Ethiopian Economy
- Unit 3: The Industrial Sector in Ethiopia
- Unit 4: The Service Sector in Ethiopia
- Unit 5: Trade in the Ethiopian Economy
- Unit 6: Fiscal Policy and Public Development in Ethiopia
- Unit 7: Monetary Policy and Financial Sectors in Ethiopia
- Unit 8: The Economic Reform Program in Ethiopia
Unit 1: Main Sectors of the Ethiopian Economy
This unit explores the contributions of agriculture, industry, and services to Ethiopia’s GDP and employment. It provides an overview of the country’s natural and human resources, and examines the different economic systems implemented from the Imperial regime to the present. Students will gain an understanding of how sectoral interactions shape the national economy.
Unit 2: The Agricultural Sector in Ethiopian Economy
The agricultural sector is central to Ethiopia’s economy, and this unit examines its role in national development. It discusses the policies implemented by the Imperial, Derg, and current governments, analyzes sector performance, and identifies key challenges. The unit also suggests practical remedies and strategies for improving productivity and sustainability.
Unit 3: The Industrial Sector in Ethiopia
This unit emphasizes the importance of industrialization for economic growth. It covers policy changes across historical regimes, assesses industrial performance, and highlights major challenges such as resource constraints and infrastructure gaps. Students will also explore solutions and strategies to enhance industrial development.
Unit 4: The Service Sector in Ethiopia
The service sector, including education, health, communication, and tourism, is examined in this unit. Policies and strategies of the Imperial, Derg, and current governments are reviewed, and the impact of services on economic growth is evaluated. Students will understand how service industries support broader socio-economic development.
Unit 5: Trade in the Ethiopian Economy
This unit focuses on the importance of domestic and international trade. It discusses trade policies under various governments, analyzes the structure of trade flows, and explains how to construct and interpret balances of payments. Students will learn to assess trade’s role in national development.
Unit 6: Fiscal Policy and Public Development in Ethiopia
Fiscal policy is critical for public development, and this unit explains government revenue sources, tax classifications, and their significance. Students will study the application of fiscal policies to economic development and learn how government budgeting influences growth and social welfare.
Unit 7: Monetary Policy and Financial Sectors in Ethiopia
This unit explores monetary policy instruments and their applications within the Ethiopian context. It reviews historical and current strategies, explains how monetary policy influences economic stability, and examines the role of financial institutions in supporting development.
Unit 8: The Economic Reform Program in Ethiopia
The final unit presents the main elements of Ethiopia’s New Economic Reform program. It discusses structural adjustment measures, evaluates investment policies, and examines their impact on the country’s development. Students will gain insights into policy implementation and economic transformation strategies.
