The Ethiopian Grade 12 Old Curriculum Chemistry Student Textbook has 6 units, and they are:
- Solutions
- Acid-Base Equilibria
- Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics
- Electrochemistry
- Some Elements in Chemistry and Industry
- Polymers
Unit 1: Solutions
This unit covers types of solutions, solubility, and concentration expressions. Students will learn colligative properties and solve problems related to solution equilibria.
Unit 2: Acid-Base Equilibria
Students explore acid-base theories, pH calculations, buffer solutions, and titrations. Practical applications of these concepts in everyday chemistry are emphasized.
Unit 3: Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics
The unit introduces energy changes, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. Students learn to predict spontaneous reactions and relate thermodynamic principles to chemical processes.
Unit 4: Electrochemistry
Oxidation-reduction reactions, electrochemical cells, and Faraday’s laws are studied. Students analyze chemical-to-electrical energy conversions and predict cell potentials.
Unit 5: Some Elements in Chemistry and Industry
This unit discusses elemental abundance, metallurgical processes, and the chemistry of major elements. Industrial applications such as ammonia, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid production are explained.
Unit 6: Polymers
Students learn addition and condensation polymerization, properties and uses of natural and synthetic polymers, and environmental considerations. Applications to plastics, rubbers, proteins, and carbohydrates are discussed.
