The Ethiopian Grade 10 Old Curriculum Amharic subject contains 10 units, each covering a key area of language, literature, or culture:
- Unit 1: ቋንቋና ህብረተሰብ (Language and Society)
- Unit 2: ባሕላዊ ጋብቻ (Traditional Marriage)
- Unit 3: ልቦለድ (Long Prose Narrative)
- Unit 4: ማሕበረሰብና ጤና (Society and Health)
- Unit 5: ቀና አመስካከት (Positive Attitude)
- Unit 6: ግጥም (Poetry)
- Unit 7: የአረጋውያን ሚና (The Role of the Elderly)
- Unit 8: ሴቶች በባህል ውስጥ (Women in Culture)
- Unit 9: ሱስ (Literature and Expression)
- Unit 10: ሥራና ምርት (Work and Production)
Units Breakdown
Chapter 1: Language and Society (ቋንቋና ህብረተሰብ)
Explores the origins, functions, and social role of language. Students learn to classify words into independent and dependent forms, analyze syllable structures, and give literal meanings to terms. This chapter emphasizes separating facts from opinions in discussion, maintaining order in group dialogue, and summarizing ideas from multiple sources. Students also practice note-taking and applying data retrieval techniques for presentations.
Chapter 2: Traditional Marriage (ባሕላዊ ጋብቻ)
Examines Ethiopian traditional marriage customs and their cultural significance. Students form sentences by combining word parts, explore how pronunciation changes affect meaning, and interpret figurative language in poetry and speech. Activities include giving speeches, rewriting ideas in their own words, and analyzing the meaning of proverbs related to marriage.
Chapter 3: Long Prose Narrative (ልቦለድ)
Focuses on the structure, setting, and theme of long novels. Students identify and use connecting and transitional words, break down paragraph structure, and distinguish between simple and complex sentences. They also interpret figurative expressions found in literary works and complete exercises that develop novel presentation skills.
Chapter 4: Society and Health (ማሕበረሰብና ጤና)
Connects the concepts of community and public health, encouraging Students to recognize the link between societal well-being and healthy living. Lessons involve creating words from verbs, applying punctuation correctly, writing formal meeting minutes, and delivering motivating speeches. Students also engage in discussions following structured guidelines.
Chapter 5: Positive Attitude (ቀና አመስካከት)
Promotes optimism, self-discipline, and constructive communication. Students classify phrases by type, distinguish between simple and complex sentences, and use metaphors, irony, and similes effectively in writing and speech. They also produce persuasive essays and reflect on the role of positive thinking in personal and social life.
Chapter 6: Poetry (ግጥም)
Covers various forms of poetry, the use of rhythm, intonation, and metaphor, as well as techniques for reading and composing poems. Students learn to identify metaphor types, explain a poem’s central message, and distinguish between literal and figurative meaning. They also practice forming nouns and adjectives from verbs within poetic structures.
Chapter 7: The Role of the Elderly (የአረጋውያን ሚና)
Highlights elders as keepers of wisdom and culture. Students write sentences using synonyms and antonyms, collect and interpret proverbs, and compose descriptive essays. This chapter encourages respectful discourse and includes speech delivery exercises aimed at preserving cultural values.
Chapter 8: Women in Culture (ሴቶች በባህል ውስጥ)
Examines women’s contributions to cultural life and traditions. Students discuss and debate women’s roles, deliver inspiring speeches, interpret proverbs, and complete them with appropriate endings. They also practice separating syllables in poetry and analyzing “wax and gold” (semantic double-layer) meanings.
Chapter 9: Addition (ሱስ)
Addresses the problem of addiction and its effects on individuals and society. Students learn to use varied sentence structures, form words from different grammatical bases, and write articles and poems related to social issues. Lessons also cover identifying poetic consonance, following instructions for exercises, and correctly using punctuation such as single and double quotation marks.
Chapter 10: Work and Production (ሥራና ምርት)
Focuses on workplace communication, productivity, and creativity. Students learn to write professional business letters, interpret and summarize data from tables, and create descriptive and metaphorical names for products or concepts. Exercises include transforming numerical or tabular data into narrative form and delivering short presentations based on it.
