The Ethiopian Grade 11 Old Curriculum Biology Student Textbook has 5 units. They are:
- Unit 1: The Science of Biology
- Unit 2: Biochemical Molecules
- Unit 3: Enzymes
- Unit 4: Cell Biology
- Unit 5: Energy Transformation
Unit 1: The Science of Biology
Explores the methods of science, the tools biologists use, and the relevance of biology to society. Students learn the steps of the scientific method, practice designing experiments, and understand the applications of biology in areas such as health, agriculture, and environmental conservation. The unit also addresses the role of biology in combating HIV/AIDS.
Unit 2: Biochemical Molecules
Introduces the classification of biochemical molecules into inorganic and organic types. Students study the elements commonly found in living organisms, the properties and importance of water, and the structures and functions of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Food tests and practical activities are used to identify biological compounds.
Unit 3: Enzymes
Covers the nature, properties, and functions of enzymes, including how they lower activation energy and catalyze biological reactions. Students learn how enzymes are named, the role of cofactors, and the impact of factors such as temperature, pH, and concentration on enzyme activity. The unit includes experiments on enzyme specificity and factors affecting enzyme function.
Unit 4: Cell Biology
Explains the history and principles of cell theory, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the structure and function of cell organelles. Students explore the structure of the cell membrane, models of membrane structure, and mechanisms of substance transport. Practical activities include demonstrating osmosis and observing cells under a microscope.
Unit 5: Energy Transformation
Describes how cells obtain and use energy through respiration and photosynthesis. Students study the structure and role of ATP, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Photosynthesis is covered in detail, including light-dependent and light-independent reactions, C3 and C4 plant adaptations, and the CAM pathway. The unit emphasizes the importance of these processes to life on Earth and agriculture in Ethiopia.
